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Main page > Products > The fuel and energy complex of Russia - Series of analytical reports > Russian gas export routes: pipes and gas carriers
Russian gas export routes: pipes and gas carriers
Gas exports are of significant importance for Russia. They are a source of money and foreign policy influence. Given declining gas production in the EU, growth in the gas demand in China and other Asia-Pacific countries, the issue of gas supplies is becoming more and more acute and politicized.
To some extent this is promoted by ambitions of Vladimir Putin, who is planning to turn Gazprom into a key player in the sphere of global energy security, the EU’s expansion at the cost of East European and Baltic states that have been practically fully dependant on Russian gas since the time of the Warsaw Pact and Soviet Union, as well as regular transit problems with Ukraine and Belarus.
Moscow expects a predictable and guaranteed demand, access to end users and advanced technologies of gas production and transportation from its European partners.
Brussels is trying to promote the idea of diversification of supplies and decreasing risks of monopolization of the gas market by its eastern neighbour. Russia proposes diversification of gas transportation routes bypassing transit countries and threatens to diversify its exports by organizing gas supplies to China and South Korea through pipelines and developing liquefied natural gas production. LNG will enable Russia to substantially broaden the geography of exports.
A new report by the NESF analyzes the current situation in the sphere of Russian gas exports researching important aspects of new directions of supplies as well as problems of relations with partners, buyers and transit states.
In the Report you will find detailed answers to the following questions:
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Main directions of Russian gas exports: the current situation
- Supplies to Europe
- Transit via Ukraine and Belarus
- Blue Stream and its role in Gazprom’s export strategy
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The system of gas supplies and pricing on the market
- Long-term contracts and development of supplies to end consumers
- The spot market and its prospects
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Gas battles against Europe
- Restrictions of access of non-residents to Russian reserves
- The third energy package as the European Commission’s response
- War of concepts: agreement to the Energy Charter against conceptual approaches to a new legal base of international energy cooperation
- Transit disputes
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New projects and promising directions of Russian gas exports. LNG business development
- Nord Stream instead of expanding Ukraine’s gas transportation system, construction of Yamal-Europe 2 and the Amber Baltic transit system
- South Stream and competition against the southern gas corridor
- Revival of the Blue Stream expansion project
- Eastern export channel and new target markets
- The role of LNG production development
- Feasibility of Gazprom’s strategy of LNG business development and its potential problems
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Forecast of the medium-term developments
The contents of the report:
| Introduction | 2 |
| Chapter 1. Russian gas exports: main directions and current situation | 3 |
| 1.1. Supplies of Russian gas to Europe and Turkey | 6 |
| 1.2. Markets of the CIS and Baltic states | 8 |
| 1.3. Gas supplies to Ukraine and Belarus. Constant risk of transit war | 11 |
| Chapter 2. Political games around gas exports | 18 |
| 2.1. Gas as instrument of influence on international arena | 18 |
| 2.2. Relations with the West. Restrictions for non-residents to access Russian reserves and the single export channel | 20 |
| 2.3. Brussels stakes on diversification of sources, EC Third Energy Package and 20 20 20 Strategy | 22 |
| 2.4. Russia’s tactics of pressurizing EU, Big Gas Troika and Gas Exporting Countries Forum | 29 |
| 2.5. «Energy cold war» between Russia and EU after January crisis | 33 |
| Chapter 3. New projects and promising directions of Russian gas exports | 37 |
| 3.1. Nord Stream instead of expanding Ukraine’s GTS, building Yamal-Europe-2 and transiting via Baltic states (Amber project) | 38 |
| 3.2. Revival of Blue Stream expansion project | 41 |
| 3.3. South Stream and competition against Southern Gas Corridor | 42 |
| 3.4. Role of LNG production development | 45 |
| 3.5. Gas supplies from Eastern Siberia and Far East through pipelines. Negotiations with China, South Korea and Japan | 50 |
| 3.6. Gazprom’s activities on untraditional markets of oil and gas resources (Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia) | 54 |
| Chapter 4. Conclusions and forecasts | 57 |
| 4.1. Gas exports during the crisis | 57 |
| 4.2. Prospects of the EU gas market development | 59 |
| 4.3. Forecast of development of Russia’s LNG projects and new pipeline routes | 60 |
| Date of issue | July 13, 2009 |
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Other issues:
- State regulation in the oil and gas sector in 2011 and prospects for 2012
- The Present and Future of Gazprom
- State management in the oil and gas sector: Last autumn of current political cycle
- Central Asia and Caspian Region: Problems of Development and Transportation of Hydrocarbons
- Export Strategy of Russia’s Oil and Gas Sector
- Rearrangement of Property in the Oil and Gas Sector
- New Legal and Fiscal Procedures in the Oil and Gas Industry
- Prospects of Third Legislative Package Implementation, Future of European Gas Market
- State Regulation of the Oil and Gas Sector in 2010, Outlooks for 2011
- Gazprom after Crisis: What Dreams May Come
- Nonresidents in the Russian Oil and Gas Sector: New Window of Opportunity?
- State System of Administrating the Oil and Gas Sector
- Gas Pipeline Wars in Europe and Central Asia
- Anti-Crisis Policy in the Oil and Gas Sector And Its Consequences
- Western and Eastern Vectors of the Russian Oil and Gas Sector Development
- “Ukrainian Front” and Problem of Gas Supplies to Europe
- State Regulation of the Oil and Gas Sector in 2009 and Outlooks for 2010
- Gazprom: Plans, Risks, Prospects
- Emergence of a Putin-sponsored Oil and Gas Aristocracy: Clans at War for Property
- Offshore Wars and Distribution of New Oil and Gas Blocks
- Russian gas export routes: pipes and gas carriers
- State oil and gas sector management system: first year in new format
- New Tax Treatment of Oil and Gas Industry
- Central Asia and the Caspian Sea: a Trap or Salvation?
- Regulation of Oil and Gas Sector in 2008 and Prospects for 2009
- Domestic Market of Energy Resources: Current State and Future Prospects
- Global Market of Energy Resources: Main Development Trends and the Role of Russian Companies
- Nationalisation and Privatisation: Two Industry Development Tendencies
- War for Energy Resources of Southern and Central Europe, the Caspian Region and Central Asia
- New Configuration of Political Power and the Oil and Gas Industry Management System
- Gazprom: What Future is in Store for the Company under the «new» Putin and Medvedev?
- Statutory Framework of the Oil and Gas Industry
- Government regulation of the oil and gas industry in 2007 and future considerations for 2008
- The Merger of Gazprom and RAO UES and the New Gas and Electricity Pricing Patterns
- Oil and Gas Clashes between the Russian Power Successors
- The Oil and Gas Industry and the Putin’s Energy Project
- The Big Trade: Russian Companies Competing for Downstream Projects and Foreign Companies Seeking to Enter Upstream Projects
- Gazprom: are there Limits to the Growth?
- Pipeline Wars and New Routes of Hydrocarbons Transportation from Russia
- Strategy of Russian oil-and-gas companies
Special report:
Liquefied Natural Gas Outlook: Expectations and Reality
World market has shown interest to liquefied gas. Russia has so far been aside of it. However, producers have announced several large LNG projects. The new study will help investigate this delicate subject and understand what is in store for LNG production and export in the nearest years.Analytical series “The Fuel and Energy Complex of Russia”:
State regulation in the oil and gas sector in 2011 and prospects for 2012
The year 2011 turned out to be rather contradictory for the oil and gas industry. On one side, preliminary results of basic parameters seem quite satisfactory. On the other side, the depletion of oil production growth potential is becoming more obvious. Prime Minister Vladimir Putin several times mentioned that the oil industry reached its peak. This was described as an ordinary event, although in reality it reflects recognition of strategic mistakes once made.The Present and Future of Gazprom
Gazprom’s 2010-2011 financial results were phenomenal. An employment contract of Gazprom CEO Alexey Miller, who has been managing the gas giant for 10 years, was prolonged ahead of time for another five years. However, the country’s main company found itself under powerful pressure both on the domestic and external markets.State management in the oil and gas sector: Last autumn of current political cycle
The main political intrigue of the upcoming election cycle would seem to be over. Vladimir Putin is set to return to the president’s office, while Dmitry Medvedev is to chair the Cabinet. But in reality, everything is just about to begin. Some scenarios of reformatting Russian state authorities are indeed ruled out. Yet, there are many unclear things, including the question of the oil and gas sector management. Changes in the system are unavoidable. There is temptation to fix the rules of the game for the next six years, which adds a special connotation to the upcoming transformation.Central Asia and Caspian Region: Problems of Development and Transportation of Hydrocarbons
Despite problems related to signing contracts on purchasing gas from the Caspian region countries, the European Commission is fully determined to implement Southern Corridor projects to reduce dependence on Russia. In its turn, Moscow keeps steadily promoting its alternative South Stream project. But the price of the question puts both sides into a difficult position.Export Strategy of Russia’s Oil and Gas Sector
In 2010 the Russian oil industry set an absolute record in terms of production. An oil pipeline to China has been launched this year expanding our potential of oil supplies to Asia. Diversification of export routes seemed to be quite a reasonable strategy on the background of growing production. However, there are certain factors that should be taken into account.
National Energy Security Fund © 2007